Joy English · Nivel C1 · Verbos modalesjoy-english.com

Perfectos modales: hacer suposiciones sobre el pasado

Nombre:Fecha:

Usa must have, can't have, might have y should have para juzgar hechos pasados con el grado de certeza adecuado.

Elige la forma correcta

Elige la opción que mejor complete cada oración.

The lights are off and the door is locked, so they ___ gone home.
- a) needn't have
- b) would have to
- c) must have
- d) can have
That ___ been Kofi you saw at the station; he is in Madrid this week.
- a) must have
- b) can't have
- c) needn't have
- d) should have
I'm not sure where Ana is. She ___ stuck in traffic.
- a) couldn't have been
- b) must have to be
- c) might have been
- d) can't be being
You ___ a taxi; I would have collected you from the airport.
- a) can't have taken
- b) couldn't have taken
- c) mustn't have taken
- d) needn't have taken
The courier said the parcel ___ arrived by Friday, but it hasn't.
- a) should have
- b) must have
- c) can't have
- d) couldn't have
She looked exhausted. She ___ for hours.
- a) must be worked
- b) can have been worked
- c) must have been working
- d) must have worked being
I wonder why Dev didn't answer. He ___ the phone ringing.
- a) can't have been hearing
- b) may not have heard
- c) mustn't hear
- d) might not heard
The bridge ___ built before 1900; the style is far too modern.
- a) must have been
- b) should have been
- c) needn't have been
- d) can't have been

Escribe la forma correcta del perfecto modal de los verbos entre paréntesis. La primera palabra entre paréntesis es el modal que debes usar.

c) must haveLas pruebas hacen que sea casi seguro, así que usamos must have gone.
b) can't haveEstamos seguros de que era imposible, así que usamos can't have been.
c) might have beenEl hablante no está seguro, así que might have been expresa una posibilidad.
d) needn't have takenEl taxi era innecesario, así que needn't have taken es correcto. Las demás opciones no tienen sentido con I would have collected you.
a) should haveShould have arrived expresa una expectativa que no se cumplió.
c) must have been workingUna deducción lógica sobre una actividad pasada más larga usa must have been + -ing.
b) may not have heardMay not have heard expresa un posible hecho pasado. Las demás opciones son agramaticales o ilógicas.
d) can't have beenEl estilo moderno lo hace imposible, así que usamos can't have been built.

must have seenUna deducción firme sobre el pasado necesita must have + participio pasado.
can't have forgotten / cannot have forgotten / couldn't have forgotten / could not have forgottenEstamos seguros de que no ocurrió, así que can't have forgotten (o couldn't have forgotten).
might have fallen / may have fallen / could have fallenUna posibilidad sobre el pasado usa might have + participio pasado; may y could también son correctos.
should have booked / ought to have bookedShould have booked expresa un arrepentimiento por algo que no hicimos.
needn't have brought / need not have broughtNeedn't have brought significa que se hizo, pero no era necesario.
must have been waiting / must have waitedUna deducción sobre una actividad pasada más larga se expresa mejor con must have been + -ing; must have waited también es correcto.
may have been signed / might have been signed / could have been signedEl contrato recibe la acción, así que necesitamos la pasiva: may have been signed.
can't have caught / cannot have caught / couldn't have caught / could not have caughtSu llegada tardía lo hace imposible, así que can't have caught es correcto.