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Técnicas de examen: key word transformation y paráfrasis

Nombre:Fecha:

Práctica independiente de técnicas de examen avanzado, no es un examen oficial: reescribe frases con una palabra clave dada y luego elige la paráfrasis más cercana de frases sutiles e idiomáticas.

Key word transformation

Completa la segunda frase para que signifique lo mismo que la primera. Escribe solo las palabras que faltan, incluida la palabra clave en mayúsculas. La palabra clave forma parte de tu respuesta.

She had barely sat down when the phone rang. KEY WORD: HARDLY. Complete: ___ when the phone rang.
It is rumoured that the director will resign next month. KEY WORD: RUMOURED. Complete: The director ___ next month.
Although I greatly admire her courage, I think the plan is unwise. KEY WORD: MUCH. Complete: ___ her courage, I think the plan is unwise.
The company missed the deadline because it did not have enough staff. KEY WORD: ACCOUNTED. Complete: A shortage of staff ___ the company's failure to meet the deadline.
He never imagined that his casual remark would cause such offence. KEY WORD: LITTLE. Complete: ___ that his casual remark would cause such offence.
I'd rather you didn't mention the matter to anyone. KEY WORD: PREFER. Complete: I ___ mention the matter to anyone.
The results were exactly the opposite of what the team had predicted. KEY WORD: CONTRARY. Complete: The results turned out ___ what the team had predicted.
However hard the engineers tried, they could not repair the fault. KEY WORD: MATTER. Complete: ___ the engineers tried, they could not repair the fault.

Significado más cercano

Elige la frase cuyo significado sea más cercano al del original.

Her remark was not so much rude as tactless.
- a) Her remark was more tactless than rude.
- b) Her remark was equally rude and tactless.
- c) Her remark was neither rude nor tactless.
- d) Her remark was more rude than tactless.
He could scarcely have chosen a worse moment.
- a) He chose the best possible moment.
- b) The moment he chose was extremely badly timed.
- c) He chose a moment that was only slightly unfortunate.
- d) He avoided choosing a moment at all.
But for the storm, the match would have gone ahead.
- a) The match went ahead despite the storm.
- b) There was no storm, so the match went ahead.
- c) Because of the storm, the match did not go ahead.
- d) The match will go ahead if the storm ends.
The committee is unlikely to look kindly on late applications.
- a) Late applications will probably be treated unfavourably.
- b) The committee welcomes late applications.
- c) The committee has not yet decided about late applications.
- d) Late applications are never submitted to the committee.
I wouldn't put it past him to take the credit.
- a) I am sure he would never take the credit.
- b) He has already taken the credit.
- c) I think he is quite capable of taking the credit.
- d) I do not mind if he takes the credit.
Her explanation did little to allay our fears.
- a) Her explanation made us much more afraid.
- b) Her explanation removed all our fears.
- c) Her explanation failed to reassure us much.
- d) Her explanation was not about our fears.

Respuestas

Key word transformation

hardly had she sat down / she had hardly sat down / she'd hardly sat downHardly al principio de una oración lleva inversión: el auxiliar had antes del sujeto she. She had hardly sat down, sin inversión, también es correcto.
is rumoured to be resigning / is rumoured to resignLa estructura de información es is rumoured + infinitivo con to; para un hecho futuro planificado, to be resigning es la opción más natural.
much as i admire / much as i do admire / as much as i admireMuch as I admire es una estructura concesiva que significa although I admire greatly. As much as I admire es una alternativa menos formal.
accounted forAccount for significa explicar o ser la razón de algo. Mantén la palabra clave en pasado, tal como se da.
little did he imagine / little did he think / little did he dream / little did he expect / little did he suspectLittle al principio de la oración, con el significado de en absoluto, necesita inversión con did: Little did he imagine (o think, expect).
would prefer you not to / 'd prefer you not to / would prefer you didn't / 'd prefer you didn't / would prefer you did not / 'd prefer you did not / would prefer it if you didn't / 'd prefer it if you didn't / would prefer it if you did not / 'd prefer it if you did notPrefer someone not to do something, o prefer it if someone didn't, expresa la misma preferencia.
to be contrary to / contrary to / quite contrary to / directly contrary to / completely contrary to / entirely contrary to / to be quite contrary to / to be directly contrary to / to be completely contrary to / to be entirely contrary toContrary to significa en oposición a; turn out puede ir seguido de to be o de un sintagma adjetival.
no matter how hardNo matter how hard significa however hard, y necesita how antes de hard.

Significado más cercano

a) Her remark was more tactless than rude.Not so much X as Y significa que Y lo describe mejor que X.
b) The moment he chose was extremely badly timed.Could scarcely have chosen a worse significa que era casi el peor momento posible.
c) Because of the storm, the match did not go ahead.But for significa if it had not been for, así que la tormenta paró el partido.
a) Late applications will probably be treated unfavourably.Not to look kindly on significa tratar con desaprobación, y unlikely to añade la idea de probabilidad.
c) I think he is quite capable of taking the credit.El modismo not put it past someone to significa pensar que esa persona es capaz de hacer algo malo.
c) Her explanation failed to reassure us much.Did little to allay significa que apenas los redujo, así que no nos tranquilizó mucho.