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Práctica de texto con huecos: el placer de perderse

Nombre:Fecha:

Práctica independiente de técnicas de examen avanzado, no es un examen oficial: restituye seis frases que faltan en un ensayo reflexivo y luego contesta preguntas sobre actitud, referencia e implicación.

The pleasures of getting lost

Maps have made us worse at wandering. (1) ___ The phone in the pocket speaks with a calm authority, and we have learned to obey it in the way that earlier generations obeyed a signpost.

Yet anyone who has taken a wrong turn in a strange town and been rewarded with a courtyard, a bakery or a view will recall the experience with more affection than any efficiently completed route. (2) ___ Psychologists who study memory suggest that effort and surprise are what fix a place in the mind; a journey with neither leaves hardly a trace.

This is not an argument for abandoning navigation altogether. (3) ___ Nobody sensible wishes to wander across mountains in fog out of principle. What is worth defending is something smaller: the willingness, on an ordinary afternoon with nothing urgent waiting, to leave the instructions switched off and see where the streets lead.

The practice is harder than it sounds. (4) ___ Each time we hesitate at a junction, a voice inside us asks why we should risk twenty minutes when the screen would settle the matter in two. The honest answer is that the twenty minutes may be the only ones of the day that we remember. (5) ___ For that, a little disorientation is a modest price.

Writers on travel have long suspected as much, and the better ones tend to pay more attention to the unplanned afternoon than to the monument they set out to see. (6) ___ Perhaps the best way to begin is with a rule so gentle that it hardly counts as one: once a week, take the second street on the left, and see.

Elige la frase que falta

Elige la frase, A, B, C o D, que encaja en cada hueco del texto. Solo una frase es correcta para cada hueco.

Gap 1: Which sentence fits best?
- a) These days a glowing arrow marks our position at every moment, and the idea of not knowing where we are has become almost unthinkable.
- b) Wandering, in contrast, has become a skill that more and more people practise every day.
- c) Few travellers in earlier centuries had access to maps of any kind.
- d) Printed maps are, of course, far cheaper than the devices that replaced them.
Gap 2: Which sentence fits best?
- a) Such routes are remembered fondly because they are always the quickest.
- b) The detour, it seems, is remembered precisely because it was not planned.
- c) The affection soon fades once the traveller returns to a familiar town.
- d) The route, by contrast, was chosen because other people had recommended it.
Gap 3: Which sentence fits best?
- a) Navigation devices have, in fact, become less accurate in recent years.
- b) Nearly every journey is, in fact, best made without any assistance.
- c) The writer's own sense of direction has always been excellent.
- d) There are journeys, whether across open country or to an urgent appointment, on which a reliable route is simply indispensable.
Gap 4: Which sentence fits best?
- a) Most people find it easy to ignore their phones for an entire day.
- b) The pull of efficiency is strong, and it works quietly, through a thousand small decisions rather than one large one.
- c) Once learned, wandering remains a habit that needs no effort at all.
- d) Few of us have any junctions left at which to hesitate.
Gap 5: Which sentence fits best?
- a) A reliable route will always remain preferable to an uncertain one.
- b) Those twenty minutes can generally be recovered later in the day.
- c) What is gained is not a shortcut to anywhere, but a place that has quietly become ours.
- d) Every junction, after all, offers exactly the same two choices.
Gap 6: Which sentence fits best?
- a) No traveller has ever followed this advice for more than a day.
- b) Monuments, unlike side streets, are rarely worth the effort of finding.
- c) Readers who prefer monuments will find little of interest in such books.
- d) If there is a lesson here, it is that attention comes more easily when the way is not already known.

Tono, referencia e implicación

Elige la mejor respuesta, A, B, C o D, según el texto completo.

What is the writer's attitude to navigation by phone?
- a) Hostile: it should be abandoned altogether
- b) Measured: it is useful but can limit what we notice
- c) Indifferent: it makes no difference to travellers
- d) Enthusiastic: it improves our memory
Why does the writer mention walking across mountains in fog?
- a) To show that wandering is dangerous
- b) To describe a journey the writer has made
- c) To mark the limits of the argument
- d) To criticise people who use maps
In the phrase a voice inside us, whose voice is meant?
- a) A friend giving advice
- b) Our own habit of choosing efficiency
- c) The phone's recorded instructions
- d) A psychologist's warning
What is implied by the twenty minutes may be the only ones of the day that we remember?
- a) The rest of the day is usually forgotten because it is routine.
- b) Twenty minutes is the ideal length for a walk.
- c) The writer has measured how long people remember journeys.
- d) People should spend their whole day lost.
What tone does the ending have?
- a) Warning and urgent
- b) Gentle and slightly playful
- c) Formal and scientific
- d) Bitter and ironic

Respuestas

Elige la frase que falta

a) These days a glowing arrow marks our position at every moment, and the idea of not knowing where we are has become almost unthinkable.Introduce la tecnología que The phone in the pocket desarrolla después. La segunda opción contradice la afirmación inicial y las demás no conducen al teléfono.
b) The detour, it seems, is remembered precisely because it was not planned.La frase siguiente explica por qué el esfuerzo no planificado y la sorpresa fijan un lugar en la memoria. La primera opción es incorrecta porque los desvíos equivocados no son lo más rápido, y las otras dos no conducen a la explicación.
d) There are journeys, whether across open country or to an urgent appointment, on which a reliable route is simply indispensable.El párrafo empieza diciendo que no hace falta renunciar a la navegación, y la frase siguiente coincide en que nadie quiere perderse en la niebla. Solo esta opción respalda esa concesión.
b) The pull of efficiency is strong, and it works quietly, through a thousand small decisions rather than one large one.La frase siguiente muestra cómo funciona esa atracción, mediante una pequeña decisión en cada cruce. La primera y la tercera opción contradicen harder than it sounds.
c) What is gained is not a shortcut to anywhere, but a place that has quietly become ours.For that se refiere a lo que se gana, así que el hueco debe nombrar un beneficio por el que un poco de desorientación es un precio modesto. Las otras opciones no mencionan ningún beneficio.
d) If there is a lesson here, it is that attention comes more easily when the way is not already known.Resume la observación de los autores sobre las tardes sin planificar y conduce de forma natural a la sugerencia sobre cómo empezar. Las demás son extremas o no vienen al caso.

Tono, referencia e implicación

b) Measured: it is useful but can limit what we noticeEl autor acepta que la navegación es necesaria, pero sostiene que puede impedirnos fijarnos en los lugares y recordarlos.
c) To mark the limits of the argumentEs una concesión: el autor no recomienda vagar por donde no sería seguro.
b) Our own habit of choosing efficiencyEs una figura retórica para el propio razonamiento interno del viajero sobre la eficiencia.
a) The rest of the day is usually forgotten because it is routine.El comentario implica que las partes eficientes y rutinarias del día no dejan una impresión duradera.
b) Gentle and slightly playfulSe describe la regla como tan suave que apenas cuenta como tal, lo cual es una sugerencia ligera y algo humorística.