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Joy English · Livello C1 · Abilità generali per l'esamejoy-english.com

Abilità avanzate per l'esame: key word transformation

Nome:Data:

Esercitazione indipendente in uno stile generico di esame avanzato, non un test ufficiale: riscrivi frasi con una parola data e scegli la frase dal significato più vicino.

Completa la seconda frase

Completa la seconda frase in modo che abbia lo stesso significato della prima. Usa la parola in maiuscolo senza modificarla e scrivi solo le parole mancanti, da due a cinque in totale.

  1. It was only when the lights went out that Mina noticed the noise. (NOTICE) Not until the lights went out ___ the noise.
  2. I regret not asking for advice before I signed the contract. (ASKED) I wish I ___ for advice before signing the contract.
  3. People think that the committee made an error. (THOUGHT) The committee ___ an error.
  4. They never expected the project to be finished so quickly. (EXPECT) Never ___ the project to be finished so quickly.
  5. Ravi was tired, but he kept working. (AS) Tired ___ was, Ravi kept working.
  6. The manager did not approve the plan because the budget was too small. (HAD) The manager would have approved the plan ___ larger.
  7. I am sure Jamal did not intend to upset you. (MEANT) Jamal ___ to upset you.
  8. Lena realised how tired she was as soon as she sat down. (SOONER) No ___ down than she realised how tired she was.

Significato più vicino

Scegli la frase dal significato più vicino a quella data.

  1. Hardly anyone turned up to the lecture.
    • a) Nobody at all attended the lecture.
    • b) Almost nobody attended the lecture.
    • c) Many people were absent, but most attended.
    • d) The lecture was cancelled.
  2. She might as well have stayed at home.
    • a) It would have been better if she had gone out.
    • b) She could not stay at home because of illness.
    • c) Going out achieved nothing, so staying at home would have been just as good.
    • d) She should have stayed at home to look after someone.
  3. Omar is not the sort of person to complain.
    • a) Omar complains very rarely, if at all.
    • b) Omar is not allowed to complain.
    • c) Omar always complains about something.
    • d) Omar does not know how to complain.
  4. The plan fell through.
    • a) The plan was approved at the last moment.
    • b) The plan failed to go ahead.
    • c) The plan was carried out successfully.
    • d) The plan was changed slightly.
  5. I couldn't help laughing.
    • a) I refused to laugh.
    • b) I was not able to assist anyone.
    • c) I laughed because someone asked me to.
    • d) I was unable to stop myself laughing.
  6. Had it not been for Aiko, we would have missed the deadline.
    • a) We missed the deadline because Aiko was absent.
    • b) Aiko did not know about the deadline.
    • c) Aiko missed the deadline, so we helped her.
    • d) Thanks to Aiko, we met the deadline.

Soluzioni

Completa la seconda frase

  1. did Mina notice / did mina noticeNot until all'inizio di una frase richiede l'inversione: did + soggetto + verbo base.
  2. had asked / 'd asked / had asked someone / 'd asked someoneUn desiderio riferito a un rimpianto passato usa il past perfect: had asked. Would have asked non si usa dopo I wish per le proprie azioni passate.
  3. is thought to have made / is thought to have committedIl passivo impersonale per un evento passato è is thought + to have + participio passato.
  4. did they expect / had they expectedNever all'inizio richiede l'inversione. Did they expect mantiene il simple past della prima frase; è possibile anche had they expected.
  5. as heLa struttura aggettivo + as + soggetto + be esprime concessione: Tired as he was. Usa he, perché Ravi viene nominato più avanti nella frase.
  6. had the budget been / if the budget had beenQuesto è un terzo condizionale riferito al passato. La proposizione con if può essere invertita (had the budget been) oppure mantenuta con if (if the budget had been).
  7. can't have meant / cannot have meant / couldn't have meant / could not have meant / can't possibly have meant / cannot possibly have meant / couldn't possibly have meant / could not possibly have meant / certainly never meant / definitely never meantLa forte certezza su una possibilità passata negativa si esprime con can't (o couldn't) have + participio passato. È possibile anche Certainly never meant.
  8. sooner had she sat / sooner had lena sat / sooner did she sit / sooner did lena sitNo sooner richiede l'inversione, di solito con il past perfect (had she sat), ed è seguito da than. È possibile anche No sooner did she sit.

Significato più vicino

  1. b) Almost nobody attended the lecture.Hardly anyone significa quasi nessuno, non letteralmente nessuno.
  2. c) Going out achieved nothing, so staying at home would have been just as good.Might as well suggerisce che l'altra opzione non offriva alcun vantaggio.
  3. a) Omar complains very rarely, if at all.Not the sort of person to descrive un tratto del carattere: normalmente non si lamenterebbe.
  4. b) The plan failed to go ahead.Fall through significa che un accordo fallisce e non si realizza.
  5. d) I was unable to stop myself laughing.Couldn't help + -ing significa che non puoi impedirti di fare qualcosa.
  6. d) Thanks to Aiko, we met the deadline.Had it not been for significa che senza il suo aiuto il risultato sarebbe stato diverso, quindi abbiamo rispettato la scadenza.

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