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Joy English · Nivel C1 · Técnicas generales para el examenjoy-english.com

Técnicas de examen avanzado: key word transformation

Nombre:Fecha:

Práctica independiente con un estilo genérico de examen avanzado, no es un examen oficial: reescribe frases con una palabra dada y elige la frase de significado más cercano.

Completa la segunda frase

Completa la segunda frase para que signifique lo mismo que la primera. Usa la palabra en mayúsculas sin cambiarla y escribe solo las palabras que faltan, de dos a cinco en total.

  1. It was only when the lights went out that Mina noticed the noise. (NOTICE) Not until the lights went out ___ the noise.
  2. I regret not asking for advice before I signed the contract. (ASKED) I wish I ___ for advice before signing the contract.
  3. People think that the committee made an error. (THOUGHT) The committee ___ an error.
  4. They never expected the project to be finished so quickly. (EXPECT) Never ___ the project to be finished so quickly.
  5. Ravi was tired, but he kept working. (AS) Tired ___ was, Ravi kept working.
  6. The manager did not approve the plan because the budget was too small. (HAD) The manager would have approved the plan ___ larger.
  7. I am sure Jamal did not intend to upset you. (MEANT) Jamal ___ to upset you.
  8. Lena realised how tired she was as soon as she sat down. (SOONER) No ___ down than she realised how tired she was.

Significado más cercano

Elige la frase cuyo significado sea más cercano al de la frase dada.

  1. Hardly anyone turned up to the lecture.
    • a) Nobody at all attended the lecture.
    • b) Almost nobody attended the lecture.
    • c) Many people were absent, but most attended.
    • d) The lecture was cancelled.
  2. She might as well have stayed at home.
    • a) It would have been better if she had gone out.
    • b) She could not stay at home because of illness.
    • c) Going out achieved nothing, so staying at home would have been just as good.
    • d) She should have stayed at home to look after someone.
  3. Omar is not the sort of person to complain.
    • a) Omar complains very rarely, if at all.
    • b) Omar is not allowed to complain.
    • c) Omar always complains about something.
    • d) Omar does not know how to complain.
  4. The plan fell through.
    • a) The plan was approved at the last moment.
    • b) The plan failed to go ahead.
    • c) The plan was carried out successfully.
    • d) The plan was changed slightly.
  5. I couldn't help laughing.
    • a) I refused to laugh.
    • b) I was not able to assist anyone.
    • c) I laughed because someone asked me to.
    • d) I was unable to stop myself laughing.
  6. Had it not been for Aiko, we would have missed the deadline.
    • a) We missed the deadline because Aiko was absent.
    • b) Aiko did not know about the deadline.
    • c) Aiko missed the deadline, so we helped her.
    • d) Thanks to Aiko, we met the deadline.

Respuestas

Completa la segunda frase

  1. did Mina notice / did mina noticeNot until al principio de una oración necesita inversión: did + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo sin to.
  2. had asked / 'd asked / had asked someone / 'd asked someoneUn deseo sobre un arrepentimiento del pasado usa el pasado perfecto: had asked. Would have asked no se usa después de I wish para acciones propias del pasado.
  3. is thought to have made / is thought to have committedLa pasiva de información para un hecho pasado es is thought + to have + participio pasado.
  4. did they expect / had they expectedNever al principio necesita inversión. Did they expect mantiene el pasado simple de la primera frase; had they expected también es posible.
  5. as heLa estructura adjetivo + as + sujeto + be expresa concesión: Tired as he was. Usa he, porque Ravi se nombra más adelante en la oración.
  6. had the budget been / if the budget had beenEste es un tercer condicional sobre el pasado. La oración con if puede invertirse (had the budget been) o mantenerse con if (if the budget had been).
  7. can't have meant / cannot have meant / couldn't have meant / could not have meant / can't possibly have meant / cannot possibly have meant / couldn't possibly have meant / could not possibly have meant / certainly never meant / definitely never meantLa seguridad total sobre una posibilidad negativa del pasado se expresa con can't (o couldn't) have + participio pasado. Certainly never meant también es posible.
  8. sooner had she sat / sooner had lena sat / sooner did she sit / sooner did lena sitNo sooner lleva inversión, normalmente con el pasado perfecto (had she sat), y va seguido de than. No sooner did she sit también es posible.

Significado más cercano

  1. b) Almost nobody attended the lecture.Hardly anyone significa casi nadie, no literalmente nadie.
  2. c) Going out achieved nothing, so staying at home would have been just as good.Might as well sugiere que la otra opción no tenía ninguna ventaja.
  3. a) Omar complains very rarely, if at all.Not the sort of person to describe un rasgo de carácter: normalmente no se quejaría.
  4. b) The plan failed to go ahead.Fall through significa que un plan fracasa y no se lleva a cabo.
  5. d) I was unable to stop myself laughing.Couldn't help + -ing significa que no puedes evitar hacer algo.
  6. d) Thanks to Aiko, we met the deadline.Had it not been for significa que sin su ayuda el resultado habría sido distinto, así que cumplimos el plazo.

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