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مهارات الامتحانات المتقدمة: تحويل الجملة بكلمة مفتاحية

الاسم:التاريخ:

تدريب مستقل بأسلوب امتحان متقدم عام، وليس اختبارًا رسميًا: أعد كتابة الجمل بكلمة معطاة، واختر الجملة الأقرب في المعنى.

أكمل الجملة الثانية

أكمل الجملة الثانية بحيث تؤدي المعنى نفسه الذي تؤديه الأولى. استخدم الكلمة المكتوبة بالأحرف الكبيرة دون تغييرها، واكتب الكلمات الناقصة فقط، من كلمتين إلى خمس كلمات في المجموع.

It was only when the lights went out that Mina noticed the noise. (NOTICE) Not until the lights went out ___ the noise.
I regret not asking for advice before I signed the contract. (ASKED) I wish I ___ for advice before signing the contract.
People think that the committee made an error. (THOUGHT) The committee ___ an error.
They never expected the project to be finished so quickly. (EXPECT) Never ___ the project to be finished so quickly.
Ravi was tired, but he kept working. (AS) Tired ___ was, Ravi kept working.
The manager did not approve the plan because the budget was too small. (HAD) The manager would have approved the plan ___ larger.
I am sure Jamal did not intend to upset you. (MEANT) Jamal ___ to upset you.
Lena realised how tired she was as soon as she sat down. (SOONER) No ___ down than she realised how tired she was.

الأقرب في المعنى

اختر الجملة الأقرب في المعنى إلى الجملة المعطاة.

Hardly anyone turned up to the lecture.
- a) Nobody at all attended the lecture.
- b) Almost nobody attended the lecture.
- c) Many people were absent, but most attended.
- d) The lecture was cancelled.
She might as well have stayed at home.
- a) It would have been better if she had gone out.
- b) She could not stay at home because of illness.
- c) Going out achieved nothing, so staying at home would have been just as good.
- d) She should have stayed at home to look after someone.
Omar is not the sort of person to complain.
- a) Omar complains very rarely, if at all.
- b) Omar is not allowed to complain.
- c) Omar always complains about something.
- d) Omar does not know how to complain.
The plan fell through.
- a) The plan was approved at the last moment.
- b) The plan failed to go ahead.
- c) The plan was carried out successfully.
- d) The plan was changed slightly.
I couldn't help laughing.
- a) I refused to laugh.
- b) I was not able to assist anyone.
- c) I laughed because someone asked me to.
- d) I was unable to stop myself laughing.
Had it not been for Aiko, we would have missed the deadline.
- a) We missed the deadline because Aiko was absent.
- b) Aiko did not know about the deadline.
- c) Aiko missed the deadline, so we helped her.
- d) Thanks to Aiko, we met the deadline.

مفتاح الإجابات

أكمل الجملة الثانية

did Mina notice / did mina noticeNot until في بداية الجملة تتطلب القلب: did + الفاعل + الفعل في صيغته الأساسية.
had asked / 'd asked / had asked someone / 'd asked someoneالتمنّي بشأن ندم على الماضي يستخدم الماضي التام: had asked. ولا تُستخدم would have asked بعد I wish لأفعالنا نحن في الماضي.
is thought to have made / is thought to have committedالمبني للمجهول مع فعل الإبلاغ لحدث ماضٍ هو is thought + to have + اسم المفعول.
did they expect / had they expectedNever في البداية تتطلب القلب. وتحافظ Did they expect على الماضي البسيط للجملة الأولى؛ ويمكن أيضًا استخدام had they expected.
as heالتركيب صفة + as + الفاعل + be يعبّر عن التنازل: Tired as he was. استخدم he لأن Ravi يُذكر لاحقًا في الجملة.
had the budget been / if the budget had beenهذه جملة شرطية ثالثة عن الماضي. يمكن قلب جملة if (had the budget been) أو إبقاؤها مع if (if the budget had been).
can't have meant / cannot have meant / couldn't have meant / could not have meant / can't possibly have meant / cannot possibly have meant / couldn't possibly have meant / could not possibly have meant / certainly never meant / definitely never meantيُعبَّر عن اليقين القوي بشأن احتمال منفي في الماضي بـ can't (أو couldn't) have + اسم المفعول. ويمكن أيضًا استخدام Certainly never meant.
sooner had she sat / sooner had lena sat / sooner did she sit / sooner did lena sitتأخذ No sooner قلبًا (inversion)، عادةً مع الماضي التام (had she sat)، ويتبعها than. ويمكن أيضًا استخدام No sooner did she sit.

الأقرب في المعنى

b) Almost nobody attended the lecture.تعني Hardly anyone «لا أحد تقريبًا»، لا «لا أحد» حرفيًا.
c) Going out achieved nothing, so staying at home would have been just as good.توحي Might as well بأنه لم تكن هناك ميزة في الخيار الآخر.
a) Omar complains very rarely, if at all.تصف Not the sort of person to سمة في الشخصية: فهو لا يشتكي عادةً.
b) The plan failed to go ahead.تعني Fall through «أن يفشل ترتيب ما ولا يتم».
d) I was unable to stop myself laughing.تعني Couldn't help + -ing «أنك لا تستطيع منع نفسك من فعل شيء».
d) Thanks to Aiko, we met the deadline.تعني Had it not been for أنه لولا مساعدتها لكانت النتيجة مختلفة، ولذلك التزمنا بالموعد النهائي.