B1 文法

B1時制15分

現在完了形か過去形か

Present perfect or past simple?

過去の終わった時について話すときと、過去を今とつなげるときの使い分けを学びます。

どちらの時制も過去について話しますが、見方が違います。past simple(過去形)は、yesterday, last week, in 2019, when I was a child のように、終わった時の行動を表します。present perfect(現在完了形)(have/has +過去分詞)は、過去を今とつなげます。時間がまだ終わっていないとき、正確な時が重要でないとき、結果が今も大切なときに使います。

ポイント過去形現在完了形
Formworked, went, sawhave / has + worked, gone, seen
Timea finished time: yesterday, last year, agoan unfinished or unstated time: today, this week, ever, never
ExperienceRavi visited Lisbon in 2022.Ravi has visited Lisbon twice.
DurationLena lived in Oslo for five years. (She doesn't now.)Lena has lived in Oslo for five years. (She still does.)

手がかりになる時を表す語

yesterday、last month、two days ago、in 2020 などの語は終わった時を示すので、過去形と一緒に使います。ever、never、already、yet、just、so far、since、for などの語は、現在完了形と一緒に使うことがよくあります。会話は現在完了形で始まり、その後、詳しい内容を過去形で話すことがよくあります。

  • A: Have you ever tried Ethiopian food? B: Yes, I have. I ate it at a street festival last summer.
  • Aiko has just finished her report, so she can help us now.
  • Tomás started his new job three weeks ago.
  • This is the first time I've visited this museum.
  • We haven't seen the new science centre yet.

練習問題 1/2

正しい時制を選ぼう

それぞれの文を完成させるために、最も適切な選択肢を選んでください。

  1. Mina _____ her grandparents last weekend.

  2. _____ you ever been to a jazz concert?

  3. When _____ to this city?

  4. Jamal _____ for this company since 2018.

  5. My parents _____ married for thirty years, and they are still very happy together.

  6. Kofi _____ to Accra in 2015 and stayed there for a year.

  7. Lena _____ three short stories so far this year.

  8. I _____ Aiko at the station two hours ago.

8問中0問回答

練習問題 2/2

動詞を書こう

かっこ内の動詞を過去形または現在完了形で入力してください。

  1. This is the first time I (try) skiing.

  2. We (go) to the beach yesterday afternoon.

  3. Ravi (live) here since he was a child.

  4. When (you / arrive) in London?

  5. Tomás (not / see) his cousins since the summer.

  6. Our team (win) the final in 2021.

  7. Sofia (be) to Japan twice, and she wants to go again.

  8. Kofi (lose) his phone last week, but he found it the next day.

8問中0問回答

出典

Joy Englishのオリジナルレッスンです。

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